Rabbi Chanina (or Chananiah) ben Teradyon was a Tanna of the third generation, in the 2nd century CE. The father of Bruriah and father-in-law of Rabbi Meir, he is counted among the Ten Martyrs (Asarah Harugei Malchut) put to death by the Romans.

He lived in Sikhnin, in the Galilee, where he directed religious affairs and headed an academy. A baraita lists it among the renowned academies: "Follow Rabbi Chanina ben Teradyon to Sikhnin." He was a contemporary of Rabbi Chalafta, together with whom he established certain ritual rules.

He administered the community's charity funds with such integrity that Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov said no one should contribute a coin to the charity fund unless its administrator was like Rabbi Chanina ben Teradyon (Bava Batra 10b). Pirkei Avot (3:2) records his teaching that when two people sit together and exchange words of Torah, the Shechinah rests among them.

During the Hadrianic persecutions, which banned the teaching of Torah, he continued to gather people and teach publicly. According to the Talmud (Avodah Zarah 17b-18a), he was burned wrapped in a Torah scroll, and tufts of wool soaked in water were placed over his heart to prolong his agony. He told his disciples that he saw "the parchment burning and the letters flying up." The executioner, to whom he promised a share in the World to Come, removed the wool and fanned the flames, then threw himself into the fire; a heavenly voice declared that both were destined for the World to Come. His wife was also condemned to death, and one of his daughters was sent to a brothel, from which Rabbi Meir later rescued her.

According to Megillat Taanit Batra, his execution took place on 27 Sivan, which was set as a fast day for the righteous; other traditions give 26 Sivan or 7 Tishrei. His burial place is not mentioned in rabbinic literature; a popular tradition recorded from the late 18th century places it near Tzippori.