Rabbi Amram Rosenbaum, known as "Rabbi Amram Chasida" (the pious) because of his piety and righteousness, was born in 1790 in Nagyvázsony, Hungary. His father, Rabbi Moshe Nachum Rosenbaum, served as rabbi of several Hungarian communities. According to family tradition he was a descendant of Rabbi Adam Baal Shem, as well as of the Maharal of Prague, the Maharam of Rothenburg and Rashi.

He studied under Rabbi Mordechai Banet, rabbi of Moravia and Nikolsburg. At 13 he married the daughter of Rabbi Yisrael Brill, rabbi of Várpalota and a student of the Noda BiYehuda, with whom he apparently lived until his father-in-law's death in 1808. By 5571 he was teaching Torah in Bonyhád.

In 5574, at the age of 24, he was called to serve as rabbi of Irsa (today Albertirsa), and in 5580 he became rabbi of Mád. He was a friend of the Chatam Sofer, who held him in great esteem and called him in one responsum "my dear friend, the Rav, the Gaon, chasida u-frisha". The two corresponded and debated halachic questions.

In 5586 (1826) he moved to the Land of Israel and settled in Safed at the suggestion of Rabbi Yaakov Shealtiel Nino. On the way he visited his teacher in Nikolsburg and the Chatam Sofer in Pressburg. In Safed he served as rabbi and headed the Chassidic kollel.

He passed away on 16 Cheshvan 5590 (12 November 1829), at the age of forty. It is told that before his passing he recited a blessing with the Divine Name: "Blessed is He who illuminates for His servants the hidden light of the six days of Creation." The Chatam Sofer, who had advised him to settle in Jerusalem instead, eulogized him. He is buried in the old cemetery of Safed, below the Alshich HaKadosh, beside the cave of Rabbi Yaakov Beirav. His descendant Rabbi Menashe Klein restored his grave and, according to his will, was buried next to him.